Fraud: This involves dishonest acts by individuals entrusted to manage assets, where they misappropriate assets for purposes not intended by the victim. Examples include Ponzi schemes, unauthorized check-writing, falsification of records, and forgeries. It can also involve inappropriate insurance sales, such as selling a long-term annuity to an elderly person, or unauthorized trading of life insurance policies.

Theft: This occurs when assets are taken without the victim's knowledge, consent, or authorization. It often includes taking personal property like cash, medications, or valuables belonging to the elderly or vulnerable adult.

Unauthorized Real Estate Transactions: This category includes inappropriate sales, transfers, or changes to property titles without the victim's authorization. It may also involve invalid or unauthorized changes to estate documents, affecting the ownership and control of property.

Telemarketing and Internet Fraud: Scammers aggressively use phone calls and emails to deceive seniors into paying for goods or services they never receive. Email scams often promise unrealistic gifts or services for a small fee.

Grandparent Scams: Perpetrators pose as a grandchild in distress, urging seniors to wire funds urgently for supposed emergencies. This scam preys on emotional vulnerability.

Lottery and Sweepstakes Scams: Seniors are tricked into believing they have won prizes but must first send money for taxes or processing fees. In reality, there is no prize, and seniors lose money.

Charity Scams: Scammers exploit natural disasters or other causes, pretending to represent charities to solicit donations. Seniors donate money believing it will support a cause, but it ends up lining the scammer's pockets.

Investment Schemes: Fraudulent investors sell misleading or confusing investment products with exaggerated promises of financial returns. Seniors may invest without understanding the risks or legitimacy, leading to financial loss.